Following this line of thought, we emphasize the JOLY boarding (2007, P. 23): ' ' the image (or metaphor) also can be a process of rich, unexpected, creative and extremely exactly cognitivo expression, a time that the comparison of two terms (explicit implicit) it stimulates the imagination and the discovery of unsupicious common points between eles' '. Therefore the paper of the history professor is to learn and to teach history in many spaces and through many ways acquired in the contemporaneidade. 1.2. The marxist conception Although the predominance of the positivista conception, until middle of century XX, some manifestations if had placed against it, since the ends of century XIX. It are of the world of the professional Historians, KARL MARX and FRIEDRICH ENGELS, had considered, with the historical materialism, the first global theory of the societies human beings.
To exemplificar, we remember that the idealistic boarding of the history, assimilated for the common sense, explains its movement for the action of ' ' great homens' ' , of the great ideas or, to the times, even for the divine intervention. For MARX, differently: in the place of the ideas, then the material facts; in the place of the heroes, the fight of classroom. In this process, contradictions in the seio appear of the society, that in the time of The MARX, and still today, result of the antagonistic interests of the capitalist and the proletarian. The marxist conceptions, from the historical materialism of MARX and ENGELS, understand that history if makes with the material factors, and technician economic who corresponds to the conditions where the men if congregate to produce its existence in the work. It identifies the conflict of the fight of classrooms: dominant and dominated, oppressing and oppressed, bourgeoisie and proletariat. The search of social justice is basic in this boarding. History for MARX and ENGELS appears as inclusive science and if it configures as the science of the men; for them the description is intrinsically sociological, therefore it must explain the social side of the human being and, reciprocal, the human side of the social one, from that it dislocates and it inverts the positivista tradition.